Find examples for citing your sources using MLA style. The examples below represent the most common types of citations. Many more examples are available using the MLA Handbook. Check out the for questions and additional resources.
Citation Builders are form based services that will help you create a citation based on a particular style. They will supply the commas (,), periods (.), colons (:), spacing and placement for you, but will not correct capitalization, spelling or abbreviations. NoodleTools does a good job. Others are readily available by searching the Internet for 鈥渃itation builder.鈥 Most of these services are available free of charge.
provides a citation tool for MLA, APA, and Chicago styles. Select the citation style, then the type of resource you are citing, and fill in the blanks based on the format (print, databases, etc.). Once submitted, copy the generated citation and paste it into your document for final formatting.
. Recommended by 黑料福利网 faculty, Purdue鈥檚 Online Writing Lab is an award winning instructional website. In addition to citation styles, OWL provides guidance for all aspects of your research project and writing needs.
Mirrlees, Hope. Lud in the Mist. Gollancz, 2018.
Gaiman, Neil, and Terry Pratchett. Good Omens: The Nice and Accurate Prophecies of Agnes Nutter, Witch. HarperTorch, 2006.
Lilley, Linda Lane, et al. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. Elsevier, 2023.
Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary: Together with Sellic Spell. Translated by J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by Christopher Tolkien, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2015.
Busby, Margaret, editor. Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Words and Writings by Women of African Descent from the Ancient Egyptian to the Present. Pantheon Books, 1992.
Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Edited by F.N. Robinson. Houghton Mifflin, 1961
Marvell, Andrew. "The Mower鈥檚 Song." The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Stephen Greenblatt, general editor, 9th ed., vol. B, W.W. Norton, 2012, p. 1803-1804.
Meints, Graydon M. Railroads for Michigan. E-book ed., Michigan State University Press, 2013.
Siebers, Teun, et al. "Social Media and Distraction: An Experience Sampling Study among Adolescents." Media Psychology, vol. 25, no. 3, May 2022, pp. 343-66. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.mccezproxy.palnet.info/10.1080/15213269.2021.1959350
Funderburg, J. Anne. "Anatomy of an Author: John Voelker's Legal and Literary Career." Michigan History, vol. 105, no. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2021, pp. 39-45.
Funderburg, J. Anne. "Anatomy of an Author: John Voelker's Legal and Literary Career." Michigan History, vol. 105, no. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2021, pp. 39+. Michigan History Magazine, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A682579573/SPJ.SP01?u=lom_accessmich&sid=bookmark-SPJ.SP01&xid=555c4960. Accessed 24 Aug. 2023.
Walker-Griffea, Beverly, PhD. Personal interview with the author. 1 Apr. 2023.
The bachelor. (2008). In The encyclopedia of reality television: The ultimate guide to over 20 years of reality TV from the Real World to Dancing With the Stars (pp. 210-215). New York: Pocket Book.
Survivor. (2009). In Encyclopedia of television shows, 1925 through 2007 (Vol. 4, pp. 425-435). Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Carson, B. (2000). Frames and fictions on television: The politics of identity within drama. Portland, OR: Intellect Books. Retrieved from NetLibrary.
Hutchby, I. (2001). Confrontation as spectacle: The argumentative frame of the Ricki Lake Show. In A. Tolson (Ed.), Television talk shows: Discourse, performance, spectacle (pp. 155-172). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Murray, S., & Ouellette, L. (2004). Reality TV: Remaking television culture. New York: New York UP.
Reality TV shows encourage immoral behavior. (2006). In J. Carroll (Ed.), Opposing Viewpoints: Television. San Diego: Greenhaven Press. Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints in Context via Gale.
Actress Shayne Lamas says she hopes her new reality show featuring her siblings and parents will bring her family closer together [Electronic version]. (2009, October 5). Washington Times, p. B7. Retrieved from InfoTrac Newsstand via Gale.
Competitive reality shows dominate local ratings [Electronic version]. (2009, September 20). Chattanooga Times/Free Press, p. NA. Retrieved from InfoTrac Newsstand via Gale.
Media: the fallout from 15 minutes of fame: as reality tv producers introduce more vulnerable people to pull in jaded viewers, they have increased the psychological help available [Electronic version]. (2009, August 24). The Guardian (London, England), p. 2. Retrieved from InfoTrac Newsstand via Gale.
Antics in the attic; reality TV: Created in Europe; sold in America. (2001, May 26). The Economist, 6.
Schneider, M. (2009, October 5). Reeling from reality: As franchises lose viewers, nets are left in the lurch. Variety, 1(2). Retrieved from WilsonSelectPlus via OCLC.
Streisand, B. (2001, January 22). Did you say reality TV? or surreal TV? U.S. News & World Report, 36.
Ward, K. (2009, October 30). Stupid parents + reality TV = kids at risk. Entertainment Weekly, 30. Retrieved from General OneFile via Gale.
Young, T. (2009, January 17). How a reality show gave me back my title as least popular person in America. Spectator, 309. Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center via Gale.
Baruh, L. (2009). Publicized intimacies on reality television: An analysis of voyeuristic content and its contribution to the appeal of reality programming. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(2), 190-211. Retrieved from General OneFile via Gale.
Houck, M. M. (2009). CSI: reality鈥攁ttorneys, investigators and educators have felt the impact of television's popular forensics programs. Scientific American, 295(1), 84-89.
McVey, C. (2001). Reality bites: Do participants in reality TV shows really know what they are getting into? Cynthia McVey argues that informed consent isn't all it's cracked up to be. New Scientist, 294(5545), 1262-1263. Retrieved from JSTOR.
Pointon, C. (2006). Beware 'big brother'. Therapy Today, 17(10), 4-7. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full-Text via EBSCOhost.
Shouse, B. (2001). Reality TV puts group behavior to the test. Science, 294(5545), 1262-1263. Retrieved from JSTOR.
Reality television. (2009, October 27). In Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 21, 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_television.
Guttentag, Bill. (2008, February 13). Why are reality TV shows so popular? Commonwealth Club of California. San Francisco. Lecture [video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAnAoM96WxE.
Prepared by members of the
黑料福利网 Library staff, April 2011
7 th edition APA citations typically follow this pattern:
Author. (Date). Title. Source.
According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7 th ed., p. 296-7: 鈥淒atabase and archive information is seldom needed in reference list entries鈥. Most periodical and book content is available through a variety of databases or platforms, and wants your reference list to include the name or URL of the electronic source through which you accessed a source.
The link on our Online Resources webpage can be used to identify how we have access to a specific magazine or journal if you are trying to track down a citation from someone else.
For more detailed information about APA citations, consult the APA 7 th edition Publication Manual at the library reference desk or one of the online citation resources like or the .
Dunn, D. (2024). The missing thread: a women's history of the ancient world. Viking.
Lambert, J., & Frye, C. (2022). Microsoft Office (Office 2021 and Microsoft 365). Microsoft.
Thomson, D. (2014). Nicole Kidman. In The new biographical dictionary of film (6th ed., pp. 562-563). Alfred A. Knopf.
Fallon, L. F., Jr. (2023). Myopia. In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health (5th ed., Vol. 4, pp. 2472-2477). Gale.
Monipoli, J., & Bell, P. F. (2019). Depression. In P. Moglia (Ed.), Aging (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 212-216). Salem Press.
Porter, E. (2022). Civil Engineer. In S. Paterson (Ed.), Careers in Artificial Intelligence. Salem Press.
Aztec Mythology. (2009). In R. Parks (Ed.), UXL encyclopedia of world mythology (Vol. 1, pp. 149-156). Gale Cengage Learning.
Note: This is an exception to the usual pattern 鈥 the author of the specific essay or entry is not known, so the title of the essay or entry appears first, then the date, then information about the reference work in which it was compiled.
Lusuegro, A. (2025). Immigration Policy Doesn't Have to Be This Way. In Gale Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Gale. (Reprinted from Immigration Policy Doesn't Have to Be This Way, In These Times, 2023, March 27)
Wong, P. (2023, January/February). The Gossard Girls of Michigan's upper peninsula. Michigan History, 107(1), 47-52.
Barnett, L. R. G. (2023, January/February). Chills, hills and thrills: Michigan's ski trains. Michigan History, 107(1), 42-46. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A731528503/SPJ.SP01?u=lom_accessmich&sid=bookmark-SPJ.SP01&xid=aba9f05c
Hendek, M.K., Erdemir, E.O., & Kisa, U. (2015). Evaluation of salivary procalcitonin levels in different periodontal diseases. Journal of Periodontology, 86(6), 820-826.
Mohai, P. (2018). Environmental justice and the Flint water crisis. Michigan Sociological Review, 32, 1鈥41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26528595
Yuzyk, O., Honcharuk, V., Pelekh, Y., Bilanych, L., Sirenko, P., Voitovych, I., Roienk, L., Bilanych, H., Makukh, D., Zidens, J., Yuzyk, M., & Yuzyk, M. (2025). Research on Generative Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Ethical Aspects. BRAIN: Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence & Neuroscience, 16, 139鈥151. https://doi-org.mccezproxy.palnet.info/10.70594/brain/16.S1/12
Note: Include up to 20 authors. For more than 20 authors, omit the authors between the 19 th and the last, using an ellipsis (...).
Taylor, N. (2025, May 25). 黑料福利网 College hires next president, new resale shop in Burton and more Flint-area news. MLive. https://www.mlive.com/news/flint/2025/05/mott-college-hires-next-president-new-resale-shop-in-burton-and-more-flint-area-news.html
World Health Organization. (2025, March 26). Vaccines and immunization: Vaccine safety. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/vaccines-and-immunization-vaccine-safety
Note: Use when content of webpage changes over time and previous versions are not archived online.
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from https://www.census.gov/popclock
Find examples for citing your resources using AMA style. These examples represent the most common types of references. Many more examples are available using the AMA Manual of Style, 10th ed.
Citation Builders are form based services that will help you create a citation or reference based on a particular style. They will supply the commas (,), periods (.), colons (:), spacing and placement for you, but will not correct capitalization, spelling or abbreviations. At this time, these free services do not accurately support AMA style. The library databases, like CINAHL, provide a tool to cite an article in various styles, like APA and MLA. If the AMA style option was available, it did NOT properly format the citation, and therefore, is not recommended. We will periodically review the online services for accuracy and future recommendations.
Colleges and universities have produced similar AMA guides for students.
AMA style provides a system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work. The references allow your reader to consult the resources you used to write your paper. Unlike other style formats, parenthetical citations are restricted, and the reference citation is displayed as a superscript number after the punctuation, as in this example.3 However, when citing the same source more than once, include the page number enclosed in parentheses in the reference. For example:
Subauste writes that, 鈥淓ffective manipulation of autophagy requires understanding of the molecular events that govern this process.鈥8(743)
See the AMA Manual of Style, 10th ed. for more complete examples.
AMA style requires references to be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are cited in the text. (AMA 3.5)
If you need help actually writing or revising your paper contact The Writing Center at (810) 762-0229 or visit them in the Curtice-黑料福利网 Complex, CM2031.
Created by Lori Nye
and members of the 黑料福利网 Library staff,
March 2015
